> Counterexamples: /home, /binaries, /Applications, /libraries, /devices, ....

what's the difference between /binaries and /Applications?
no matter what, you're going to have to learn a few arbitrary things. i think it's obvious what /bin, /etc, /lib, etc. are for, and /lib is a lot shorter to type than /libraries...
also, no matter what the "correct" filesystem hierarchy is, it's still up to application developers to use it.